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Each year, on the 3rd of May, Poles around the world come together to celebrate a momentous occasion in their national history—Constitution Day. Known in Polish as Święto Konstytucji 3 Maja, this public holiday commemorates the adoption of Poland’s groundbreaking constitution on 3rd May 1791, the first democratic constitution in Europe and only the second in the world after the United States.
A Turning Point in Polish History
In the late 18th century, the once-powerful Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth faced deep political instability and external threats from neighbouring empires. In a bold effort to reform the state and preserve its independence, a group of progressive leaders drafted a modern constitution aimed at strengthening government, limiting the excesses of the nobility, and extending rights to the middle class and other segments of society.
Signed into law on 3 May 1791, the constitution introduced the concept of a constitutional monarchy, separation of powers, and a more representative system of government. At its heart was a simple but powerful idea: that power should serve the common good and protect the freedom of the nation’s citizens.
A Short-Lived Victory
Despite its visionary principles, the 3rd of May Constitution faced fierce resistance from both internal conservatives and foreign powers. Within just a few years, Poland was invaded, partitioned, and ultimately erased from the map by Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
Although the constitution remained in effect for only a short time, it became a powerful symbol of national pride and hope. It represented a belief in the future of a free Poland, and during over a century of foreign rule, it inspired generations of Poles to continue fighting for their independence.
Poland Reborn
Poland regained its independence in 1918, after World War I, and officially established 3rd May as a national holiday in 1919. The celebration was banned during World War II and under communist rule but was restored in full after the fall of communism in 1989. Today, the 3rd of May remains one of Poland’s most important state holidays, marked by parades, official speeches, cultural events, and public gatherings both in Poland and by Polish communities abroad.
Why It Matters Today
For many Poles, the 3rd of May is not just about remembering the past—it’s about celebrating the values that define Poland today: freedom, democracy, civic responsibility, and resilience. It’s also a time to reflect on how these values connect with struggles for democracy around the world.
Here in Christchurch, our Polish community honours this day not only as a historical milestone but also as a chance to share a piece of Poland’s story with our New Zealand neighbours and friends.
Join Us in Celebrating
The Polish Association in Christchurch warmly invites everyone—Polish or not—to join our official 3rd of May Constitution Day Celebration. Whether you're interested in history, culture, or simply looking to connect with a welcoming community, we’d love to see you there.
For event details and RSVP, please visit our Events page.
Did You Know?
The 3rd of May Constitution is recognised by historians as one of the most progressive political documents of its time.
The Polish Sejm (parliament) passed the constitution in a dramatic session that lasted until late into the evening, fearing foreign intervention.
Poland’s 3rd May Constitution has been officially honoured as a part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register since 2015.
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